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what is a jewish word for a jew who criticizes religious jews who choose to live the Torah ?
A specific Hebrew term for a Jew who criticizes religious Jews for living the Torah isn't readily available within the search results. However, there are some related concepts that might offer some insight:
Heresy (Minim): Historically, Judaism has a concept of heresy, particularly concerning beliefs that contradict core doctrines of Rabbinic Judaism, including theological beliefs and interpretations of Halakha (Jewish religious law). Some Orthodox Jews may view the stances of certain movements (like Reform or Conservative) as heretical due to their concessions and changes to traditional Judaism. However, the use of the term "minim" is harsh and often discouraged by Orthodox rabbis who believe that most non-Orthodox Jews are "ignorant" rather than "evil".
Apikoros: This term refers to a knowledgeable Jew who rejects Jewish teachings, according to Wikipedia.
Sinat Chinam (Baseless Hatred): This term emphasizes the importance of avoiding disparaging remarks about other Jews. It's believed to have been a contributing factor in the destruction of the Temple.
Intra-Jewish criticism: While not necessarily a specific word for "critics," there's a recognized concept of "criticism of Judaism," which can come from both within and outside the Jewish community. Examples of intra-Jewish criticism include:
Criticisms between different denominations, like Orthodox and Reform Judaism, regarding adherence to Halakha.
Criticisms from earlier philosophers like Uriel da Costa who questioned the authenticity of rabbinic authority.
While specific terms are not readily available, the above-mentioned concepts and types of criticism illuminate how certain viewpoints may be perceived or described within the Jewish community
what is a jewish word for a secular jew who criticizes religious jews who refuse to be assimilated/modern jew?
Based on the provided context, the term "apikoros" (plural: "apikorsim") is a Jewish word that could be used to describe a secular Jew who criticizes religious Jews, particularly when the criticism implies a rejection of fundamental beliefs or a departure from traditional Jewish practices, such as those related to assimilation and modernization. The term's meaning has expanded over time to loosely encompass anyone expressing views considered heretical or even heterodox.
While not specific to secular Jews criticizing religious ones, "off the derech" (meaning "off the path") is a term used by Orthodox Jews to describe a Jew who has left an Orthodox way of life or community, embracing a secular, non-Jewish, or non-Orthodox lifestyle. Although the term can be considered pejorative, it is widely used and some individuals who have left Orthodoxy have even reclaimed the term.
It is important to note that the term "apikoros" carries a strong connotation of heresy and rejection of religious belief. The criticism of Orthodox communities by secular Jews regarding their resistance to assimilation and engagement with modern society is a significant issue and is mentioned in several sources.
While there isn't one single, universally agreed-upon Jewish word that precisely captures the nuanced sentiment of a secular Jew criticizing religious Jews for their resistance to assimilation or modernity, several terms and concepts are relevant to this dynamic:
Hiloni (חִלּוֹנִי): This Hebrew term designates a secular Jew. While not inherently critical, a Hiloni person might be the one expressing the criticism.
Yetziah Besheelah (יְצִיאָה בִּשְׁאֵלָה): This Modern Hebrew phrase translates to "leaving in question". It is often used to describe the process of decreasing religious observance. While it doesn't directly mean "critical," it reflects the secularization process that may lead to such critiques.
Self-Hating Jew / Jewish Self-Hatred: These terms describe a Jew who validates antisemitic narratives or internalizes negative views about their own Jewish identity. While not specifically about criticizing religious Jews for resisting assimilation, it could be used in some contexts, particularly if the criticism is seen as validating external anti-Semitic narratives about Jews being "backward" or needing to change. However, it's important to note that this term is controversial and often considered pejorative.
Apikores (אפיקורוס): This term, derived from the Greek philosopher Epicurus, is used in rabbinic literature to describe a learned apostate, someone who rejects Jewish teachings despite having a good Jewish education. While often used as a slur, it could be applied to a secular Jew with a strong Jewish background who criticizes religious groups from a position of knowledge and considered belief.
"Off the derech" (Hebrew: דֶּרֶךְ, "path"; OTD): This expression describes a Jew who has left an Orthodox way of life. It's not inherently critical but can be associated with critiques of Orthodox communities, particularly regarding issues like lack of secular education or integration into broader society. Some who are OTD even reclaim the term as an antidote to the stigma it carries.
In essence, while specific terms may be lacking, the tensions between secular and religious Jews over issues like assimilation and modernity are often addressed using words related to secularism (Hiloni), leaving religious observance (Yetziah Besheelah, OTD), or, in more extreme cases, heresy or self-hatred (Apikores, Self-Hating Jew).
Important note
The term "self-hating Jew" is highly sensitive and often used to dismiss or silence internal Jewish criticism.
The relationship between secular and religious Jews is complex and diverse, with a wide spectrum of beliefs and practices within each group
A specific Hebrew term for a Jew who criticizes religious Jews for living the Torah isn't readily available within the search results. However, there are some related concepts that might offer some insight:
Heresy (Minim): Historically, Judaism has a concept of heresy, particularly concerning beliefs that contradict core doctrines of Rabbinic Judaism, including theological beliefs and interpretations of Halakha (Jewish religious law). Some Orthodox Jews may view the stances of certain movements (like Reform or Conservative) as heretical due to their concessions and changes to traditional Judaism. However, the use of the term "minim" is harsh and often discouraged by Orthodox rabbis who believe that most non-Orthodox Jews are "ignorant" rather than "evil".
Apikoros: This term refers to a knowledgeable Jew who rejects Jewish teachings, according to Wikipedia.
Sinat Chinam (Baseless Hatred): This term emphasizes the importance of avoiding disparaging remarks about other Jews. It's believed to have been a contributing factor in the destruction of the Temple.
Intra-Jewish criticism: While not necessarily a specific word for "critics," there's a recognized concept of "criticism of Judaism," which can come from both within and outside the Jewish community. Examples of intra-Jewish criticism include:
Criticisms between different denominations, like Orthodox and Reform Judaism, regarding adherence to Halakha.
Criticisms from earlier philosophers like Uriel da Costa who questioned the authenticity of rabbinic authority.
While specific terms are not readily available, the above-mentioned concepts and types of criticism illuminate how certain viewpoints may be perceived or described within the Jewish community
what is a jewish word for a secular jew who criticizes religious jews who refuse to be assimilated/modern jew?
Based on the provided context, the term "apikoros" (plural: "apikorsim") is a Jewish word that could be used to describe a secular Jew who criticizes religious Jews, particularly when the criticism implies a rejection of fundamental beliefs or a departure from traditional Jewish practices, such as those related to assimilation and modernization. The term's meaning has expanded over time to loosely encompass anyone expressing views considered heretical or even heterodox.
While not specific to secular Jews criticizing religious ones, "off the derech" (meaning "off the path") is a term used by Orthodox Jews to describe a Jew who has left an Orthodox way of life or community, embracing a secular, non-Jewish, or non-Orthodox lifestyle. Although the term can be considered pejorative, it is widely used and some individuals who have left Orthodoxy have even reclaimed the term.
It is important to note that the term "apikoros" carries a strong connotation of heresy and rejection of religious belief. The criticism of Orthodox communities by secular Jews regarding their resistance to assimilation and engagement with modern society is a significant issue and is mentioned in several sources.
While there isn't one single, universally agreed-upon Jewish word that precisely captures the nuanced sentiment of a secular Jew criticizing religious Jews for their resistance to assimilation or modernity, several terms and concepts are relevant to this dynamic:
Hiloni (חִלּוֹנִי): This Hebrew term designates a secular Jew. While not inherently critical, a Hiloni person might be the one expressing the criticism.
Yetziah Besheelah (יְצִיאָה בִּשְׁאֵלָה): This Modern Hebrew phrase translates to "leaving in question". It is often used to describe the process of decreasing religious observance. While it doesn't directly mean "critical," it reflects the secularization process that may lead to such critiques.
Self-Hating Jew / Jewish Self-Hatred: These terms describe a Jew who validates antisemitic narratives or internalizes negative views about their own Jewish identity. While not specifically about criticizing religious Jews for resisting assimilation, it could be used in some contexts, particularly if the criticism is seen as validating external anti-Semitic narratives about Jews being "backward" or needing to change. However, it's important to note that this term is controversial and often considered pejorative.
Apikores (אפיקורוס): This term, derived from the Greek philosopher Epicurus, is used in rabbinic literature to describe a learned apostate, someone who rejects Jewish teachings despite having a good Jewish education. While often used as a slur, it could be applied to a secular Jew with a strong Jewish background who criticizes religious groups from a position of knowledge and considered belief.
"Off the derech" (Hebrew: דֶּרֶךְ, "path"; OTD): This expression describes a Jew who has left an Orthodox way of life. It's not inherently critical but can be associated with critiques of Orthodox communities, particularly regarding issues like lack of secular education or integration into broader society. Some who are OTD even reclaim the term as an antidote to the stigma it carries.
In essence, while specific terms may be lacking, the tensions between secular and religious Jews over issues like assimilation and modernity are often addressed using words related to secularism (Hiloni), leaving religious observance (Yetziah Besheelah, OTD), or, in more extreme cases, heresy or self-hatred (Apikores, Self-Hating Jew).
Important note
The term "self-hating Jew" is highly sensitive and often used to dismiss or silence internal Jewish criticism.
The relationship between secular and religious Jews is complex and diverse, with a wide spectrum of beliefs and practices within each group